HISTORY OF PROCLAMATION OF INDONESIA.

History, background and personalities involved in the process of independence

Background

On August 6, 1945 an atomic bomb was dropped on the Japanese city of Hiroshima by the United States which began to demoralize the spirit of the Japanese army in the world . A day later Enterprises Investigation Agency Preparation of Indonesian Independence BPUPKI , or Dokuritsu Junbi Cosakai , renamed PPKI ( Committee for Indonesian Independence ) or also called Dokuritsu Junbi Inkai in Japanese , to further confirm the desire and goal of achieving the independence of Indonesia . On August 9, 1945 , the second atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki , causing the Japanese surrendered to the United States and its allies . This moment is also used by Indonesia to declare its independence .

Sukarno , Hatta , as leader PPKI and Radjiman Wedyodiningrat as former chairman BPUPKI flown to Dalat , 250 km northeast side of Saigon , Vietnam to meet with Marshal Terauchi . They reported that Japanese troops were on the verge of defeat and will give independence to Indonesia . Meanwhile in Indonesia , on August 10, 1945 , Sutan Syahrir had heard the news on the radio that the Japanese had surrendered to the Allies . The underground fighters preparing to declare independence , and rejected the independence given as gifts Japanese . On August 12 , 1945, Japan by Marshal Terauchi in Dalat , Vietnam , told Sukarno , Hatta and Radjiman that the Japanese government will soon grant independence to Indonesia and the proclamation of independence can be implemented within a few days , depending on how the PPKI . However for independence Indonesia Japan on August 24 . Two days later , while Sukarno , Hatta and Radjiman back to the homeland of Dalat , Sutan Syahrir urged Sukarno declared independence immediately because he thought the meeting in Dalat as a ruse Japan , because the Japanese all the time had to be surrendered to the Allies and to avoid a split in the nationalist camp , between the anti- and pro- Japanese . Syahrir Hatta told about the results of the meeting in Dalat . Sukarno did not yet convinced that the Japanese had surrendered , and the proclamation of independence of Indonesia when it could cause great bloodshed , and can have fatal consequences if the fighters Indonesia is not ready . Soekarno Hatta warned that Syahrir no right to declare independence because it is the right of the Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence ( PPKI ) . While it was entity Syahrir assume PPKI made ​​in Japan and the proclamation of independence by PPKI just a ' gift ' from Japan .

On August 14, 1945 Japan surrendered to the Allies . Japanese Army and Navy are still in power in Indonesia because of Japan has promised to restore the power in Indonesia into Allied hands . Sutan Sjahrir , Wikana , Dervish , and Chaerul Saleh heard this news through BBC radio . After hearing rumors of Japan would to its knees, urged young group old group to immediately proclaimed Indonesia's independence . But the old group did not want to rush . They do not want the bloodshed at the time of the proclamation . Consultation meetings were conducted in the form of PPKI . Youth group meeting does not approve it , given PPKI is a body set up by the Japanese . They want freedom to the efforts of our nation itself , not giving Japan . Sukarno and Hatta went to military rulers of Japan ( Gunsei ) to obtain confirmation in his office in Koningsplein ( Merdeka Square ) . But the office was empty . Sukarno and Hatta with Soebardjo then to the office Bukanfu , Rear Admiral Maeda , in Jalan Medan Merdeka Utara ( Maeda house on Jl Imam Bonjol 1 ) . Maeda welcome them with congratulations on their success in Dalat . He replied he had not received confirmation and are still waiting for instructions from Tokyo . Coming home from Maeda , Sukarno and Hatta immediately prepare Indonesian Independence Preparatory Committee meeting ( PPKI ) on August 16 at 10 am the next day at the office Pejambon Road No. 2 to discuss all things related to the preparation of the Declaration of Independence . A day later , the pressure fluctuation which requires the taking of power by mounting Indonesia launched the youth of some golongan.Rapat PPKI on August 16 at 10 am was not implemented because of Sukarno and Hatta did not show up . Participants did not know the meeting happened Rengasdengklok events .

Rengasdengklok events

The young fighters, including Chaerul Saleh, Sukarni, and Wikana - which is said burning surge of heroism after discussing with the title Datuk Tan Malaka Ibrahim - who joined the underground movement lost patience, and at dawn on August 16, 1945. Together Shodancho Singgih, a member of PETA, and other youth, they brought Sukarno (along Fatmawati and Thunder are 9 months old) and Hatta, to Rengasdengklok, which became known as Rengasdengklok events. The aim is that Ir. Soekarno and Drs. Moh. Hatta is not affected by Japanese. Here, they re-assured Soekarno that Japan had surrendered and the fighters are ready to fight the Japanese, whatever the risk. In Jakarta, a young group, Wikana, and old groups, namely Mr. Ahmad Soebardjo negotiations. Mr. Ahmad Soebardjo agreed to proclaim the independence of Indonesia in Jakarta. Then diutuslah Yusuf Ahmad Soebardjo Kunto to take into Rengasdengklok. They picked Ir. Sukarno and Drs.Moh. Hatta returned to Jakarta. Mr. Ahmad Soebardjo managed to convince the youth to not rush to declare independence. After arriving in Jakarta, they return to their homes. Given that the hotel Des Indes (now a shopping complex in Harmony) can not be used for meetings after 10 pm, then Rear Admiral Maeda bid to use his house (now a museum building proclamation formulation) as a meeting place PPKI received by Indonesian leaders.

Meeting Soekarno / Hatta with Major General Rear Admiral Nishimura and Maeda

The next evening , Sukarno and Hatta returned to Jakarta . Major General Moichiro Yamamoto , Chief of Army Staff to XVI ( Army ) who became head of the military government ( Gunseikan ) in the Dutch East Indies would not accept Sukarno - Hatta delivered by Tadashi Maeda and ordered Major General Otoshi Nishimura , Head of the General Affairs Department administration militerJepang , to accept the arrival of the troupe. Nishimura argued that since the afternoon of August 16, 1945 has received orders from Tokyo that Japan should maintain the status quo , can not give permission to prepare the proclamation of Indonesian independence , as had been promised by Marshal Terauchi in Dalat , Vietnam . Sukarno and Hatta regretted that decision and the insinuated Nishimura whether an officer 's attitude is excited Bushido , a broken promise that mercy by the Allies . Finally Sukarno - Hatta requested that do not impede the work PPKI Nishimura , perhaps by way of pretending not to know . Looking at the hot debate Maeda quietly leave the room having been warned by Nishimura order Maeda Tokyo obey and he knows as Navy liaison officer ( Kaigun ) in the Army ( Rikugun ) he does not have the authority to decide .

Once out of the house Nishimura , Sukarno - Hatta toward the house of Admiral Maeda ( now Jalan Imam Bonjol 1 ) accompanied by Myoshiguna conduct a meeting to prepare the text of the Proclamation . After greeting Sukarno - Hatta left arguing with Nishimura , Maeda resigned to her bedroom . Preparation of the text of the Proclamation made ​​by Sukarno , M. Hatta , Achmad Soebardjo and witnessed by Soekarni , BM Diah , Sudiro ( Grandma ) and Sayuti Melik . Myoshiyang half drunk sitting back in a chair listening to the preparation of the text , but then there is a sentence of Shigetada Nishijima as if he took interfere preparation of the text of the proclamation and suggested that the transfer of power that just means the administrative power . On this Bung Karno confirmed that the transfer of power that means . Bung Hatta , Subardjo , B. M Diah , Sukarni , Sudiro and Malik Sajuti nothing but justify the claim in some quarters Nishijima Nishijima claims still in propounded. Once the concept is complete agreed upon , Sajuti copying and typing the manuscript using a typewriter captured from the German Navy offices , owned by Major ( Marine ) Dr . Hermann Kandeler . At first reading of the proclamation will be made at the Field Ikada , but since security reasons Sukarno moved kekediaman , East 56th Street Pegangsaan ( sekarangJl. Proclamation no. 1 ) .

Manuscript Reading Seconds Proclamation

Negotiations between groups of young and elderly groups in the preparation of the text of the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence took place at 2:00 to 4:00 a.m. in the morning . Written proclamation in the dining room at the Admiral Tadashi Maeda jln Imam Bonjol No. 1 . The authors of the text of the proclamation is Ir . Sukarno , Drs . Moh . Hatta , and Mr . Ahmad Soebarjo . Concept proclamation written by Ir . Sukarno himself . In the front room , attended BM Diah Sayuti Melik , Sukarni and Soediro . Sukarni proposed that the text of the proclamation was signed Ir . Soekarno and Drs . Moh . Hatta on behalf of the Indonesian nation . Indonesia 's Proclamation text typed by Sayuti Melik . The next morning , August 17, 1945 , at the residence of Sukarno , East 56th Street Pegangsaan was attended, among others Soewirjo , Wilopo , Gafar Pringgodigdo , Tabarani and Trimurti .

The event begins at 10:00 pm with the reading of the proclamation by Sukarno and spliced ​​a short speech without text . Then the flag , which had been sewn by bu Fatmawati , hoisted , followed by remarks by Soewirjo , deputy mayor of Jakarta at the time and Moewardi , led Barisan Pioneer . In the first Trimurti asked to raise the flag but he refused on the grounds pengerekan flag should be carried by a soldier . Therefore instituted Hendraningrat Latif , a soldier PETA , assisted by Soehoed for the task . Young woman emerged from behind a tray flag ( Sang Saka Merah Putih ) , which is sewn by Fatmawati few days earlier . After the flag fluttering , audience sing Indonesia Raya . Until now , the inheritance flag is stored in the National Museum of Tugu Monument . After the ceremony took place , approximately 100 members of the Barisan -led Pioneers S. Brata come in a hurry because they do not know where the sudden change of Ikada to Pegangsaan . They demanded a repeat reading of the Proclamation Sukarno , but was rejected . Hatta finally give a brief mandate to them . On August 18, 1945 , the Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence ( PPKI ) take decisions , validate and establish the Basic Law ( Constitution ) as the foundation of the Republic of Indonesia , which became known as the Constitution 45 .

Thus formed the government in the form of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia ( Republic of Indonesia ) with sovereignty in the hands of the people who carried out entirely by the People's Consultative Assembly ( MPR ) which will be established later . After that Sukarno and M. Hatta was elected upon the recommendation of Oto PPKI Iskandardinata and approval of the President and Vice President of the Republic of Indonesia first . President and Vice President will be assisted by a National Committee .

Proclamation Text Content

Kami bangsa Indonesia dengan ini menjatakan kemerdekaan Indonesia. Hal-hal jang mengenai pemindahan kekoeasaan d.l.l., diselenggarakan dengan tjara seksama dan dalam tempo jang sesingkat-singkatnja.

Djakarta, hari 17 boelan 8 tahoen 05 Atas nama bangsa Indonesia. Soekarno/Hatta